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Vector-Borne Zoonotic Diseases



Over the last several years increasing numbers of patients have sought out OHP for treatment of a range of often confounding symptoms that have become recognized as the hallmarks of Lyme disease and its related infections.  These diseases are generally caused (in our region) by the bites of infected deer ticks, which have reached epidemic proportions.  

Infections that are carried to humans by carriers known as “vectors,” such as ticks and insects, account for more than 60 percent of human infections.  When such vectors move infections from animals (both wild and domestic) to humans, they are called "zoonotic diseases."  Lyme disease is one such disease.  According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, is “an epidemic and the number one emerging infectious disease” in the United States. 

The term "Lyme disease" is often used today to include the original spirochete along with the "co-infections" caused by the other tick-borne infectious agents.  Lyme disease can be narrowly defined as an infection with the bacterium, Borrelia burgdorferi, a spirochete (and close relative of the bacterium responsible for syphilis) originally identified as the cause of arthritis-like symptoms which were first described in the town of Lyme, Connecticut in 1975.  In 1982, Dr. Willy Burgdorfer isolated the spirochete bacteria responsible for the disease, and determined that the carrier, or vector, for this bacterium from its animal hosts to humans was the deer tick.  Since that time, a number of additional bacteria, viruses and parasites (including Bartonella, Anaplasma, Ehrlichia and Mycoplasma and the parasite Babesia) have been identified as being carried by the deer tick from mice and other small rodents and possibly birds, to humans.  

These pathogens can all lead to multiple infections with myriad symptoms, and short- and long-term illnesses.  The large number of overlapping symptoms being caused by the possible combination of multiple infections that may or may not respond to a wide range of treatment regimens is what makes helping patients with these conditions both highly challenging and urgently needed in the medical community.

In our geographical region in the mid-Atlantic states, there is wide public awareness that the deer tick has infested the deer population, and that deer have become common visitors in residential suburban communities as well as the throughout the countryside. 

Lyme Disease Diagnosis: Controversy

Take note that there is a continuing controversy regarding the diagnosis of Lyme disease.  This debate has been fostered primarily by the insurance industry, which uses guidelines promulgated by the Infectious Disease Society of America (IDSA).  IDSA relies on an internal panel’s review process, which has been the focus of legal action asserting bias and conflict of interest, and on the CDC’s Case Definition of Lyme disease.  In fact, the CDC actually states that the purpose of its Lyme definition was surveillance, not diagnosis.  The CDC has stated that its case definition of Lyme disease “was developed for national reporting of Lyme disease; it is not intended to be used in clinical diagnosis [bold type added for emphasis].” 

OHP relies on the full analysis of each patient's medical history, clinical presentation and available laboratory testing.  You should recognize, however, that while a wide range of laboratory tests very valuable, there are no reliable, specific tests for the Lyme disease pathogens.   Toprovide some basic information about Lyme and other tick-borne diseases, you may review this page and our links to other Internet resources on these topics.

Symptoms Overview

The following list is an extensive set of conditions that may or may not be related to Lyme Disease or any other related illnesses.  In one way or another, however, all of these symptoms in a wide range of combinations and degrees of severity can be indicators of underlying conditions such as Lyme disease. 

Just by scanning this list, one can imagine the myriad ways in which Lyme can disrupt normal health.  Our goal is to help individuals with complex combinations of symptoms or chronic conditions that have been difficult to diagnose and treat.  This list is simply a collection of symptoms that can be associated with Lyme.  It is not meant in any way as a guide to diagnosis or treatment.




The Tick Bite

  • Rash at site of tick bite
  • Rashes on other parts of body
  • Rash basically circular and spreading out
  • Raised rash, disappearing and recurring

Head, Face, Neck

  • Unexplained hair loss
  • Headache, mild or severe
  • Pressure in head
  • Twitching of facial or other muscles
  • Facial paralysis (Bell's palsy)
  • Tingling of nose, (tip of) tongue, cheek or facial flushing
  • Stiff or painful neck
  • Jaw pain or stiffness
  • Dental problems (unexplained)
  • Sore throat, clearing throat a lot, phlegm, hoarseness, runny nose

Eyes/Vision

  • Double or blurry vision
  • Increased floating spot
  • Pain in eyes, or swelling around eyes
  • Oversensitivity to light
  • Flashing lights, peripheral waves, phantom images in corner of eyes

Ears/Hearing

  • Decreased hearing in one or both ears, plugged ears
  • Buzzing in ears
  • Pain in ears, oversensitivity to sounds
  • Ringing in one or both ears

Skin

  • Skin sensitive to sunlight
  • Increased frequency of mosquito bites
  • Overreaction to mosquito bites

Digestive and Excretory Systems

  • Diarrhea
  • Constipation
  • Irritable bladder (starting/stopping),Interstitial cystitis
  • Upset stomach (nausea/pain) or gastroesophageal reflux disease

Musculoskeletal System

  • Bone pain, joint pain or swelling, carpal tunnel syndrome
  • Stiffness of joints, back, neck, tennis elbow
  • Muscle pain or cramps, (Fibromyalgia)

Respiratory and Circulatory Systems

  • Shortness of breath, can't get full/satisfying breath, cough
  • Chest pain or rib soreness
  • Night sweats or unexplained chills
  • Heart palpitations or extra beats
  • Endocarditis, Heart blockage

Neurologic System

  • Tremors or unexplained shaking
  • Burning or stabbing sensations in the body
  • Fatigue, CFS, weakness, peripheral neuropathy partial paralysis
  • Pressure in the head
  • Numbness in body, tingling, pinpricks
  • Increased motion sickness
  • Lightheadedness, wooziness

Psychological well-being

  • Mood swings, irritability, bi-polar disorder
  • Unusual depression
  • Seasonal affective disorder
  • Disorientation (getting or feeling lost)
  • Feeling as if you are losing your mind
  • Over-emotional reactions, crying easily
  • Too much sleep, or insomnia
  • Difficulty falling or staying asleep
  • Narcolepsy, sleep apnea
  • Panic attacks, anxiety

Reproduction and Sexuality

  • Loss of sex drive
  • Sexual dysfunction
  • Unexplained menstrual pain, irregularity
  • Unexplained breast pain, discharge
  • Testicular or pelvic pain


For some basic information about the ticks that carry Lyme disease and the other related infections, simply click on the thumbnail images below:


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